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  • Metal binding affinities - Biosensor chip surface is manufactured with metal components (e.g., gold, silica, etc.). An efficient immobilization method using the GBP-fusion proteins was employed for the convenient detection of biomolecular interactions on the gold surface, such as SPR and Raman analyses. Protein-protein interactions, DNA hybridizations, as well as cell patternings could be possible to detect. Influenza viral protein was fused with gold- and silica-binding proteins by genetic fusion technology. Gold and silica substrates are representative materials for biochip fabrication. GBP- and SBP-fusion proteins with viral surface antigen through the recombinant DNA technology were used for the detection of viral diseases. Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) system was also integrated for enhancing the plasmon signals by using the fabrications of metal nanoparticles. : DNA chip through the DNA hybridization, which is for distinguish genetic defects in corneal diseases. Corneal defect patient after lasik or lasek surgery can be a blind person within just 2-10 years. After 8 years of LASIK surgery, there are white barriers like as turbid defrost on corneal membrane. Nanobiosensor workflow (example): Bioreceptor immobilization on the chip and target analysis procedure. We developed an electrochemical sensor system for the detection of residual pesticide in the food. Carbon- and gold-based sensor strips and their specific binding proteins were combined into the electrical detection system. Portable and mobile devices with wireless communication function will be commercialized. We call this system “food keeper”. - Commercialized biosensor examples for bacterial & agrichemical sensor system via fluorescence or luminescence assay by luciferase activities - Recommbinant luciferase from firefly was cloned within E. coli production system. This luciferase was developed into more active and stable proteins by directed evolution techniques and high-throughput screening procedure. Bacterial sensor detects ATP concentrations by luminescence. This luciferase reaction is inhibited by agrichemicals. Bacterial ATPs and agrichemicals can detect with its fluorescence or luminescence enhancement or decrease.